In the court of Ghaznavid
Lived Biruni in "Ghazni" (Kabul now) in the business of astronomy and other sciences, and was accompanied by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni in his conquests victorious in the country of India, has provided him so that surrounding the science of India, which has been studying the language, and mingled with scientists, and stood on what they have of science and knowledge, and see their books in science and mathematics, and study the geography of India from the plains and valleys, mountains, etc, in addition to the customs, traditions and beliefs of different, and without all of that in his great book "to achieve what India's argument accepted in the mind or Mrdhulh."
After taking the Sultan Mas'ud bin Mahmood Ghaznavi rule, succeeding his father in (421 AH = 1030 AD), near the Al-Biruni, and caused Bmeith, and surrounded with all due status and appreciation, so that when he wrote his encyclopedia precious in astronomy called "the law Masoudi in life and the stars" and gave her to the Sultan Masud, who rewarded the best, Phil sent him to carry the pieces of silver, but the Peronist apologized for accepting the gift; because it works without waiting for hire or reward, remained Peronist after his return from India, a resident of Ghazni to cut off research and lesson until he passed away.
Masoudi law
The most important book of the law books Masoudi Al-Biruni in astronomy, geography, engineering, and it contains eleven articles, each of which is divided into sections. In Article IV of the book collection of the findings of astronomers in India, Greece and his contemporaries, was not reassured is to those results to differ among themselves; therefore decided that the Bersadeh for himself, he did not stop all at once but four times at intervals far apart, started and he did not exceed the twenty-fifth, where he decided to make his instrument for the provision of its astronomical, and puts an end to the confusion of conflicting results, astronomers, and he appointed cardinal and determine the time, and knowledge of the seasons, and monitor the movement of the height of the sun, far sites annual between the sun and the earth, and the measurement of throughout the year on the face of accurate, studied solar eclipse and lunar eclipse and the difference between them, and explained the reasons for the emergence of dawn before sunrise Bastnama atmosphere, likewise twilight after sunset and Oqathma, and explain the reasons that prevent the sighting of the crescent even with his presence on the horizon, and pointed out the road geometry limits the relative between moon and sun, and that it depends circumstances sighting of the moon what did not interfere with weather factors, and explained the difference between the stars (planets fixed) and the planets, and invented the Peronist astrolabe cylinder, which not only detect planets and stars, but also used in determining the dimensions of the objects far from the surface of the Earth and height. Also invented a special device that shows the times of prayer with precision and mastery.
Other contributions to civilization
And exceeded the field of astronomy research Biruni to other areas, including physics, geology, mining, pharmacy, mathematics, history and civilization.
Include some of his research in physics in the light, and is involved in the al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham Rull: that beam of light comes from the body visible to the eye and not vice versa, as was previously thought. And is included in some of his explanations and applications of some phenomena related to fluid pressure and balance. And explain the rise of water vent, eyes upward, and brings a cold well water from the sides, where the River from the waters near them.
In the area of mining Biruni invented a device to measure cone specific gravity of metals and precious stones, which is the oldest measure of the intensity of metal, has succeeded in reaching a specific weight of eighteen boats.
In the area of Earth Science of the theory to use along the circumference of the Earth has been made in another book, "Astrolabe." The equation used is known to the scientists Peronist base of a half-diameter of the Earth, and included his research and writings in this field theories and views on the feet and the ground and fractured her from revolutions, volcanoes, earthquakes and erosion factors. With theories about the configuration of the earth's crust, and there on land and water developments through geologic time. Research has in fact fossils, and he saw it for the organisms lived in ancient times. The consensus reached in this regard, approved by geologists of our time.
Acknowledges, "Smith" in his book "History of Mathematics" that al-Biruni was the brightest scientists of his time in mathematics, a who sought to divide the angle into three equal sections, and was familiar with the triangulation, and written by the show that he knew the law suit pockets, and has worked tables Sports pocket and shadow.
In his book A Pharmacology "Chidna in Medicine", which is the scientific ammunition and a full reference in the field of pharmacy, which is divided into two parts:
First: is the preamble in the art of pharmacy and treatment with definitions and explanations historic useful. And provided a great addition to the pharmacy, and addressed in this section responsibilities and the steps that must be adhered to by the pharmacist.
Second: Article, medical (PRM) a lot of drugs sorted by alphabetical, together with the well-known names in different languages, and the natures and their habitat, storage, and forces of therapeutic effects and dosage.
And the superiority of al-Biruni in the field of geography, astronomy, and has the research value of which is one of the founders of the science, and excelled also in geography, sports, and in particular determine the latitude and longitude and distance countries, with the ten books, and was his research in physical geography along the lines of a high and a high level of understanding. Has in the art of mapping innovations are many, so the work of the map round the world in his book "Altfahim to the early mining industry" to indicate the subject of the sea, with much research on how to move the image of the earth ball to the paper flat, and his books in this field: "Flatten image and flattening furnace" , "Determination of the globe and corrected in the picture."
Al-Biruni was not rule out the theoretical possibility that the western half of the globe Mamora before the discovery of the Americas, and when he described the terrain and routes the seas and oceans spoke for the first time that nothing shall prevent the connection of the Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean south of the African continent, contrary to what was common at that time .
His books and writings
Did not stop this world for a minute of research and study, and resulted in the scientific life Avenue on more than one hundred and twenty authors, move some of them into English, French, German, Latin, and took them Westerners, and benefited from it, and this literature is what we have:
- Sporadic messages in the body, which contains eleven different message in the sciences, and the Ottoman edition of the Encyclopedia of Hyderabad Deccan, India Year (1367 AH = 1948 AD).
- Aljmaher to know the jewels, one of the most important books in the science of al-Biruni metals, printed in Hyderabad Deccan, India (1355 e = 1936).
- Extract the properties of tendons in the circuit where the curved line, and also printed in India.
- The existing mosques to Indian thoughts in the calculation of astrology.
- Determine the ends of the places to correct the distances of housing, printed investigator carefully Bulgakov Russian orientalist, and published by the Institute of Arabic Manuscripts of 1962 AD.
- Refine the words in the correct width and length.
In addition to authoring the transfer of Peronist twenty-two books of India's scientific heritage into Arabic, and translated some of the sports books of Greek heritage assets such as a book of Euclid, and Ptolemy's Almagest the book.
His last days
Remained until the last Peronist his passion for science coming to him, in a dedicated application. And tells of the great sapphire Hamwi in his Dictionary of writers there is no need to speak in the attached Peronist issues of science until the final breath, he says, in the words of Judge Ali ibn Isa, said: "I went to Abu Rihan, which grants to himself may Hacrj itself, fed by his chest, he said Lee, in that case: How do you say to me one day account Almagdat corrupt (from the issues of inheritance), I told him Ahvaca it: Avi this case! said to me: Oh that was filed this world and I am the world to this issue, not be better than that Okhalaha I am ignorant of it; prepared a that it, and save it ... and went out from him and I heard screaming on the way ... ", and that was in Ghazni in (3 of Rajab 440 AH, 12 December 1048 m).
Lived Biruni in "Ghazni" (Kabul now) in the business of astronomy and other sciences, and was accompanied by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni in his conquests victorious in the country of India, has provided him so that surrounding the science of India, which has been studying the language, and mingled with scientists, and stood on what they have of science and knowledge, and see their books in science and mathematics, and study the geography of India from the plains and valleys, mountains, etc, in addition to the customs, traditions and beliefs of different, and without all of that in his great book "to achieve what India's argument accepted in the mind or Mrdhulh."
After taking the Sultan Mas'ud bin Mahmood Ghaznavi rule, succeeding his father in (421 AH = 1030 AD), near the Al-Biruni, and caused Bmeith, and surrounded with all due status and appreciation, so that when he wrote his encyclopedia precious in astronomy called "the law Masoudi in life and the stars" and gave her to the Sultan Masud, who rewarded the best, Phil sent him to carry the pieces of silver, but the Peronist apologized for accepting the gift; because it works without waiting for hire or reward, remained Peronist after his return from India, a resident of Ghazni to cut off research and lesson until he passed away.
Masoudi law
The most important book of the law books Masoudi Al-Biruni in astronomy, geography, engineering, and it contains eleven articles, each of which is divided into sections. In Article IV of the book collection of the findings of astronomers in India, Greece and his contemporaries, was not reassured is to those results to differ among themselves; therefore decided that the Bersadeh for himself, he did not stop all at once but four times at intervals far apart, started and he did not exceed the twenty-fifth, where he decided to make his instrument for the provision of its astronomical, and puts an end to the confusion of conflicting results, astronomers, and he appointed cardinal and determine the time, and knowledge of the seasons, and monitor the movement of the height of the sun, far sites annual between the sun and the earth, and the measurement of throughout the year on the face of accurate, studied solar eclipse and lunar eclipse and the difference between them, and explained the reasons for the emergence of dawn before sunrise Bastnama atmosphere, likewise twilight after sunset and Oqathma, and explain the reasons that prevent the sighting of the crescent even with his presence on the horizon, and pointed out the road geometry limits the relative between moon and sun, and that it depends circumstances sighting of the moon what did not interfere with weather factors, and explained the difference between the stars (planets fixed) and the planets, and invented the Peronist astrolabe cylinder, which not only detect planets and stars, but also used in determining the dimensions of the objects far from the surface of the Earth and height. Also invented a special device that shows the times of prayer with precision and mastery.
Other contributions to civilization
And exceeded the field of astronomy research Biruni to other areas, including physics, geology, mining, pharmacy, mathematics, history and civilization.
Include some of his research in physics in the light, and is involved in the al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham Rull: that beam of light comes from the body visible to the eye and not vice versa, as was previously thought. And is included in some of his explanations and applications of some phenomena related to fluid pressure and balance. And explain the rise of water vent, eyes upward, and brings a cold well water from the sides, where the River from the waters near them.
In the area of mining Biruni invented a device to measure cone specific gravity of metals and precious stones, which is the oldest measure of the intensity of metal, has succeeded in reaching a specific weight of eighteen boats.
In the area of Earth Science of the theory to use along the circumference of the Earth has been made in another book, "Astrolabe." The equation used is known to the scientists Peronist base of a half-diameter of the Earth, and included his research and writings in this field theories and views on the feet and the ground and fractured her from revolutions, volcanoes, earthquakes and erosion factors. With theories about the configuration of the earth's crust, and there on land and water developments through geologic time. Research has in fact fossils, and he saw it for the organisms lived in ancient times. The consensus reached in this regard, approved by geologists of our time.
Acknowledges, "Smith" in his book "History of Mathematics" that al-Biruni was the brightest scientists of his time in mathematics, a who sought to divide the angle into three equal sections, and was familiar with the triangulation, and written by the show that he knew the law suit pockets, and has worked tables Sports pocket and shadow.
In his book A Pharmacology "Chidna in Medicine", which is the scientific ammunition and a full reference in the field of pharmacy, which is divided into two parts:
First: is the preamble in the art of pharmacy and treatment with definitions and explanations historic useful. And provided a great addition to the pharmacy, and addressed in this section responsibilities and the steps that must be adhered to by the pharmacist.
Second: Article, medical (PRM) a lot of drugs sorted by alphabetical, together with the well-known names in different languages, and the natures and their habitat, storage, and forces of therapeutic effects and dosage.
And the superiority of al-Biruni in the field of geography, astronomy, and has the research value of which is one of the founders of the science, and excelled also in geography, sports, and in particular determine the latitude and longitude and distance countries, with the ten books, and was his research in physical geography along the lines of a high and a high level of understanding. Has in the art of mapping innovations are many, so the work of the map round the world in his book "Altfahim to the early mining industry" to indicate the subject of the sea, with much research on how to move the image of the earth ball to the paper flat, and his books in this field: "Flatten image and flattening furnace" , "Determination of the globe and corrected in the picture."
Al-Biruni was not rule out the theoretical possibility that the western half of the globe Mamora before the discovery of the Americas, and when he described the terrain and routes the seas and oceans spoke for the first time that nothing shall prevent the connection of the Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean south of the African continent, contrary to what was common at that time .
His books and writings
Did not stop this world for a minute of research and study, and resulted in the scientific life Avenue on more than one hundred and twenty authors, move some of them into English, French, German, Latin, and took them Westerners, and benefited from it, and this literature is what we have:
- Sporadic messages in the body, which contains eleven different message in the sciences, and the Ottoman edition of the Encyclopedia of Hyderabad Deccan, India Year (1367 AH = 1948 AD).
- Aljmaher to know the jewels, one of the most important books in the science of al-Biruni metals, printed in Hyderabad Deccan, India (1355 e = 1936).
- Extract the properties of tendons in the circuit where the curved line, and also printed in India.
- The existing mosques to Indian thoughts in the calculation of astrology.
- Determine the ends of the places to correct the distances of housing, printed investigator carefully Bulgakov Russian orientalist, and published by the Institute of Arabic Manuscripts of 1962 AD.
- Refine the words in the correct width and length.
In addition to authoring the transfer of Peronist twenty-two books of India's scientific heritage into Arabic, and translated some of the sports books of Greek heritage assets such as a book of Euclid, and Ptolemy's Almagest the book.
His last days
Remained until the last Peronist his passion for science coming to him, in a dedicated application. And tells of the great sapphire Hamwi in his Dictionary of writers there is no need to speak in the attached Peronist issues of science until the final breath, he says, in the words of Judge Ali ibn Isa, said: "I went to Abu Rihan, which grants to himself may Hacrj itself, fed by his chest, he said Lee, in that case: How do you say to me one day account Almagdat corrupt (from the issues of inheritance), I told him Ahvaca it: Avi this case! said to me: Oh that was filed this world and I am the world to this issue, not be better than that Okhalaha I am ignorant of it; prepared a that it, and save it ... and went out from him and I heard screaming on the way ... ", and that was in Ghazni in (3 of Rajab 440 AH, 12 December 1048 m).
